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NEVER AGAIN - Dachau concentration camp - The crematorium ovens -------------- In March 1933 the Nazi government established its first official concentration camp (KZ-Lager) at Dachau, a town just northwest of Munich. The camp was established for political prisoners, and during its early operations, many prisoners served a specific time and were then released (in contrast to later concentration camps, from which few were released by the Nazis). Dachau was not an extermination or death camp such as Auschwitz, and the number of Jews interned in Dachau was actually rather small, compared to the numbers of political prisoners, prisoners of war, and detainees from all over Europe who were sent to Dachau. It is estimated that some 35,000-43,000 prisoners died at Dachau and its numerous subcamps (the number for the main Dachau camp itself was some 31,000). Dachau was liberated by the U.S. Army (elements of the 45th and 42nd Infantry Divisions) on 29 April 1945.