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The medieval castle dates from the 10th century and had fundamental role on the Independence of Portugal, was here that Afonso Henriques fight against his mother and grandfather (D. Afonso VI, King of Leon), in 1128 Afonso Henriques wins the Battle of S. Mamede (Battle fought in the backyard of this castle) and declares the Independence of the Portugal. In 2001 the historic centre of Guimarães was classified by Unesco as world heritage.