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Sappi Kraft - Ngodwana (South Africa). One of South Africa's Largest Paper Mills as seen from one of the surrounding mountains. There is only steam, no smoke coming from those "chimneys".The undesirable odour (usually at pulp mills, which are a little different from paper mills) is caused principally by process by-products, specifically the hydrogen sulfide and other reduced sulfur gases resulting from the cooking process. Thankfully, these airborne particles are not harmful to the health of the community in commonly occurring concentrations, but they are considered a nuisance. The Kraft process of reducing wood logs to their fibre constituent is primarily responsible for the odour, as opposed to the sulfite process.